90 research outputs found
Less is Not Always More: Investigating the Impact of Goal Difficulty and Immediacy of Social Media
Social media overuse is becoming prevalent across the globe, hurting usersâ mental health and productivity. To reduce social media usage and improve productivity, many users turn to social media blockers that rely on users to specify a social media reduction goal. However, as there is no empirical evidence and guidance on how users should choose the goal optimally, the user-chosen goals may not produce the intended benefits. In this study, we introduce two new dimensions of social media reduction goals â goal difficulty and goal immediacy. We found that the relationship between goal difficulty and productivity is of an inverted-U shape. In addition, the effect of goal difficulty further depends on the prior social media consumption level. We also found that changing goal immediacy from radical to incremental significantly improves the performance of relatively difficult goals, especially for users with higher prior social media consumption levels. Practical implications are discussed
Discrepancy-Guided Reconstruction Learning for Image Forgery Detection
In this paper, we propose a novel image forgery detection paradigm for
boosting the model learning capacity on both forgery-sensitive and genuine
compact visual patterns. Compared to the existing methods that only focus on
the discrepant-specific patterns (\eg, noises, textures, and frequencies), our
method has a greater generalization. Specifically, we first propose a
Discrepancy-Guided Encoder (DisGE) to extract forgery-sensitive visual
patterns. DisGE consists of two branches, where the mainstream backbone branch
is used to extract general semantic features, and the accessorial discrepant
external attention branch is used to extract explicit forgery cues. Besides, a
Double-Head Reconstruction (DouHR) module is proposed to enhance genuine
compact visual patterns in different granular spaces. Under DouHR, we further
introduce a Discrepancy-Aggregation Detector (DisAD) to aggregate these genuine
compact visual patterns, such that the forgery detection capability on unknown
patterns can be improved. Extensive experimental results on four challenging
datasets validate the effectiveness of our proposed method against
state-of-the-art competitors.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
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TGF-β-responsive CAR-T cells promote anti-tumor immune function.
A chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that responds to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) enables the engineering of T cells that convert this immunosuppressive cytokine into a potent T-cell stimulant. However, clinical translation of TGF-β CAR-T cells for cancer therapy requires the ability to productively combine TGF-β responsiveness with tumor-targeting specificity. Furthermore, the potential concern that contaminating, TGF-β?producing regulatory T (Treg) cells may preferentially expand during TGF-β CAR-T cell manufacturing and suppress effector T (Teff) cells demands careful evaluation. Here, we demonstrate that TGF-β CAR-T cells significantly improve the anti-tumor efficacy of neighboring cytotoxic T cells. Furthermore, the introduction of TGF-β CARs into mixed T-cell populations does not result in the preferential expansion of Treg cells, nor do TGF-β CAR-Treg cells cause CAR-mediated suppression of Teff cells. These results support the utility of incorporating TGF-β CARs in the development of adoptive T-cell therapy for cancer
Perceiving the poetic world: A corpus-assisted transitivity analysis of poetry comics
While modern adaptations of Chinese classics have drawn keen scholarly interests lately, the comic adaptation of Chinese traditional poetry remains under-investigated. Extending the previous research on intersemiotic translation and comics, this paper, drawing on the analytical framework of systemic functional semiotics, examines distribution of process types of language in poems in comparison with that in comic images in the exemplary case drawn by Cai Zhizhong, using UAM image as the annotation tool. The comic book formulates a multimodal corpus that consists of 1,097 clauses and 605 images. We have manually analyzed the process type of the poems and their corresponding comic panels. Our quantitative and qualitative results show that there are distinct patterns of process-type distributions between verbal poems and images. Poems have been turned into perceptions, actions, and verbal processes in comic strips, which serve various purposes such as construction of the poetâs gaze, relations building, storyline development, dramatization, metaphor visualization, etc. The paper is concluded with discussion on how the intersemiotic translation of poems might produce effects on readers
Research trends in multimodal metaphor: a bibliometric analysis
The concept of multimodal metaphor has generated a growing body of literature over the past decades. However, a systemic review of the domain seems to be lacking in relevant literature. This study, therefore, is an attempt to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the field of multimodal metaphor during 1977â2022, with a focus on 397 relevant publications retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) with the visualization tool VOSviewer. Some major quantitative findings are: (i) the number of publications in multimodal research began to surge in 2010 upon the seminal work of Forcevilleâs (2009); (ii) USA, China and Spain are the most productive countries; (iii) journals in the field of advertising, communication and linguistics are important sources of publications; and (iv) eleven clusters of keywords are identified, such as âvisual metaphorâ, âpersuasionâ, âpicturesâ, âimpactâ, âmultimodal metaphorâ, âmodelâ, etc., representing crucial areas of interests. We also identified, by qualitative observations, three research trends in multimodal metaphor, driven by cognitive linguistic theory, the theory of pragmatics and visual/multimodal rhetoric theory, respectively. Various theoretical perspectives may shed light on possible further research on multimodal metaphor
Visual metaphor of sadness in poetry comics: a socio-cognitive perspective
Earlier literature on conceptual metaphor studies has extensively examined verbal metaphors of sadness in different text types and with cultural variations. However, there has been by far limited research on the visual metaphor of sadness. Adopting a socio-cognitive perspective, this study investigates the conceptual metaphor of sadness in the exemplary case of Chinese poetry comics drawn by Cai Zhizhong. The findings reveal that (1) BEING SAD IS BEING CONFRONTED WITH NATURAL FORCE and BEING SAD IS BEING PHYSICALLY ISOLATED are the two most frequently occurring visual metaphors across the panels; (2) all the visual metaphors at play can be explained according to the conceptual metaphor theory; (3) SADNESS IS BITTERSWEET FOOD OR DRINK and BEING SAD IS BEING PHYSICALLY ISOLATED are two additional kinds of sadness metaphors identified; and (4) the visual metaphors of sadness with Chinese cultural variations are rooted in mainstream Chinese cultural philosophies in the relevant period of history. The article also discusses the underlying mechanisms of the investigated visual metaphors in the Chinese culture by unveiling three cultural characteristics in the particular context
From moments of the distribution function to hydrodynamics the non-conformal case
We study the one-dimensional boost-invariant Boltzmann equation in the
relaxation-time approximation using special moments of the distribution
function for a system with a finite particle mass. The infinite hierarchy of
moments can be truncated by keeping only the three lowest moments that
correspond to the three independent components of the energy-momentum tensor.
We show that such a three-moment truncation reproduces accurately the exact
solution of the kinetic equation after a simple renormalization that takes into
account the effects of the neglected higher moments. We derive second-order
Israel-Stewart hydrodynamic equations from the three-moment equations, and show
that, for most physically relevant initial conditions, these equations yield
results comparable to those of the three-moment truncation, albeit less
accurate. We attribute this feature to the fact that the structure of
Israel-Stewart equations is similar to that of the three-moment truncation. In
particular, the presence of the relaxation term in the Israel-Stewart
equations, yields an early-time regime that mimics approximately the
collisionless regime. A detailed comparison of the three-moment truncation with
second-order non-conformal hydrodynamics reveals ambiguities in the definition
of second-order transport coefficients. These ambiguities affect the ability of
Israel-Stewart hydrodynamics to reproduce results of kinetic theory.Comment: 44 pages, 11 figure
Innate Immune Cells: A Potential and Promising Cell Population for Treating Osteosarcoma
Advanced, recurrent, or metastasized osteosarcomas remain challenging to cure or even alleviate. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. Cancer immunotherapy has greatly improved in recent years, with options including adoptive cellular therapy, vaccination, and checkpoint inhibitors. As such, immunotherapy is becoming a potential strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Innate immunocytes, the first line of defense in the immune system and the bridge to adaptive immunity, are one of the vital effector cell subpopulations in cancer immunotherapy. Innate immune cell-based therapy has shown potent antitumor activity against hematologic malignancies and some solid tumors, including osteosarcoma. Importantly, some immune checkpoints are expressed on both innate and adaptive immune cells, modulating their functions in tumor immunity. Therefore, blocking or activating immune checkpoint-mediated downstream signaling pathways can improve the therapeutic effects of innate immune cell-based therapy. In this review, we summarize the current status and future prospects of innate immune cell-based therapy for the treatment of osteosarcoma, with a focus on the potential synergistic effects of combination therapy involving innate immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors/oncolytic viruses
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